As one of Al-Mahdi Institute’s six specialist research areas, Islamic Philosophy and Theology examines the historical development of philosophical and theological thought in Islam. The research investigates key issues in classical and contemporary Islamic intellectual traditions, including their engagement with core topics such as metaphysics, epistemology, natural philosophy, theology, psychology, prophecy and revelation, morality, and ethics. Drawing on indigenous Islamic traditions such as kalām, falsafa, and mystical thought, this work bridges historical inquiry with contemporary philosophical discourse. Led by its Research Lead, this research area convenes international conferences, hosts research seminars, publishes translations and critical studies, and offers visiting fellowships.